Wednesday, February 22, 2023

Citric Acid



WHAT IS CITRIC ACID?

Citric acid is a weak organic tricarboxylic acid having the chemical formula C6H8O7It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.

More than a million tons of citric acid are manufactured every year. It is used widely as an acidifier, as a flavoring and chelating agent.[7]

CITRIC ACID (By: Ray Sahelian, M.D.)
Citric acid is responsible for the tart taste of many fruits where it is found. Citric acid is present in citric fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges, and pineapples. Citric and lactic acid are organics acids used primarily in the food and beverage industry as acidulent and preservative. Other commercially important acids are malic, fumaric and tartaric. Citric acid is well known as the source of tart flavor from fruit juices, lactic acid is known to those who exercise hard as an incomplete respiration product in the human body.

WHERE IS CITRIC ACID FOUND?
Citric acid is used in soft drinks and in laxatives and cathartics. Its salts, the citrates, have many uses, e.g., ferric ammonium citrate is used in making blueprint paper. Sour salt, used in cooking, is citric acid.

HOW IS CITRIC ACID MADE? 
Citric and lactic acids are PRODUCED BY FERMENTATION which utilized a carbohydrate source such as corn based starch and sugar beet molasses. Fermentation yields a crude purity product which requires further refining. One refining technique utilities a precipitation process, this process first uses lime to produce calcium citrate solids, this is then contacted with sulfuric acid which produces a partially purified soluble citric acid and calcium sulfate by product. Another technique used is solvent extraction. These processes produce streams which require demineralization by ion exchange.

Citric acid can be extracted from the juice of citrus fruits by adding calcium oxide (lime) to form calcium citrate, an insoluble precipitate that can be collected by filtration; the citric acid can be recovered from its calcium salt by adding sulfuric acid. Citric acid is obtained also by fermentation of glucose with the aid of the mold Aspergillus niger and can be obtained synthetically from acetone or glycerol.

Citric acid is obtained also by fermentation of glucose with the aid of the mold Aspergillus niger and can be OBTAINED SYNTHETICALLY FROM ACETONE [link is to product info at rockler] OR GLYCEROL.

CITRIC ACID CYCLE

Also called Kreb's cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, the citric acid cycle is a series of enzymatic reactions in aerobic organisms involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl units and producing high-energy phosphate compounds, which serve as the main source of cellular energy.

The name citric acid cycle is derived from the first product generated by the sequence of conversions, i.e., citric acid. The reactions are seen to comprise a cycle inasmuch as citric acid is both the first product and the final reactant, being regenerated at the conclusion of one complete set of chemical rearrangements.
Citric acid is a so-called tricarboxylic acid, the chemical formula containing three carboxyl groups (COOH). Hence the Krebs cycle is sometimes referred to as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.

Additional links
wild yam and berries

CITRIC ACID INTOLERANCE

From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Citric acid intolerance is a little-known type of food intolerance in which sufferers report various symptoms in response to foods or other products containing citric acid that they attribute neither to its properties as an acid nor to an Aspergillus niger hypersensitivity. (In addition to foods naturally rich in citric acid, the fungi Aspergillus niger is a common source of citric acid.)


A form of citrate metabolism called the Citric acid cycle is an essential step in the production of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for human beings and all other eukaryotes. This process takes place in the mitochondria of all cells that contain them. However, according to a website [1] by Vicky Clarke, some people report gas, migraines, bloating, cramps, diarrhea, or skin rashes after contact with citric acid.

As with all food intolerances, symptoms may vary between individuals and can mimic those of a food allergy. It mimics allergies to such a degree that some people refer to it as a Citric Acid Allergy. A food intolerance (sometimes called food sensitivity) is a body's inability to digest certain compounds in food. The reasons that this happens seems to be caused by several factors, and more research needs to be done to determine what all of these factors are.

Food intolerances appear to cause reactions in direct proportion to the amount of the offending substance is ingested, whereas, any amount of an allergen will cause the immune system react. According to a website by Luke Hawthorne,[2] in addition to abdominal problems, other reactions to citric acid have been experienced, including hives and other rashes, blurred vision, rhinitis and difficulty breathing.

It's vitally important to determine whether or not a person has an allergy or an intolerance, and the only way to do this is to see a licensed doctor, preferably an allergist or other specialist.
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Got info from Dr. John Clark and Wikipedia



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