He could not walk across the room without gasping for breath, even on supplemental oxygen, which he carried with him everywhere he went. I’ll refer to him as Ted. Ted was a diabetic, a smoker with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and additionally he had suffered a massive heart attack that left him in disabling heart failure. The doctors sent Ted home on oxygen with little hope for recovery. I was asked to see Ted by his concerned friends. My approach was to assign lifestyle interventions for Ted designed to reverse and remedy his illnesses and limitations based on what we call the eight natural remedies; “Pure air, sunlight, abstemiousness, rest, exercise, proper diet, the use of water, trust in divine power--these are the true remedies.”1 In this article I want to share with you the basis for the advice I gave Ted and the results he experienced.
Did you know this? “The power of God is manifested in the beating of the heart, in the action of the lungs, and in the living currents that circulate through the thousand different channels of the body. We are indebted to Him for every moment of existence, and for all the comforts of life. The powers and abilities that elevate man above the lower creation, are the endowment of the Creator.”2
How important are your lungs? You eat two or three times a day, you drink water four or five times a day, but you breathe as many as 25,000 times a day. Just try holding your breath for a minute or two and your body cries out for air. We like good food, we like clean water, but what about pure fresh vitalizing air?
Your lungs give you access to the atmosphere all around you. Without lungs you cannot obtain the oxygen every cell in your body needs. With your lungs, you interface with the outside world. The lungs are designed by God to provide a buffer of protection from harmful things in your environment. Your immune system is very active in your lungs for this purpose.
Walking in the fresh morning air is especially important. It is healthier to walk out in the country than in the city.3 Having one’s window open at night is especially important.4 Keeping windows open during the day for fresh air is important.5 In 1918, when the Spanish Influenza was going around, much as coronavirus is going around these days, the patients who could not secure a hospital bed were accommodated with tents out on the hospital lawn. Guess who survived the 1918 Spanish Influenza the best? You guessed it, the people out in the fresh air. For more on prevent and treatment of viral lung diseases, such as coronavirus, see our materials on Pandemic Influenza, Prevention and Treatment.
Avoid cooking indoors with gas6 or kerosene as this hastens lung demise.7 Even burning candles indoors negatively affects the lungs.8 Avoid all contact with mold/mildew as it increases lung diseases by 62%!9 Mold exposure in water-damaged buildings reduces natural killer cells, which fight diseases like the Flu, and initiates lung damaging inflammatory processes. Living in a home with mold (mildew) problems increases the risk of respiratory symptoms and infections.10 I have literally felt my lungs burning when breathing air in a building infected with mold. Freedom form air pollution is important for lung health.11 Houseplants can help reduce indoor air pollutants.12
You are made up of what you eat. What you eat affects the health of your lungs. You may have heard it said, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away”. It may surprise you to learn that people following this advice actually breathe 138 milliliters more of air with every breath.13 What’s more, God has endowed apples with critical phytochemicals found to help the immune system of your lungs to fight infections caused by viruses.14 Other delicious foods that improve the immune system in your lungs include: grapes,15 onions, 16 garlic,17 eggplant,18 and asparagus.19
Pineapple is also helpful for the lungs because it is high in vitamin C and it contains a very good phytochemical called bromelain. Bromelain is anti-inflammatory and helps break down fibrosis.20,21,22,23 In general, a diet of 80% fresh fruits and vegetables is very beneficial for lung patients.24
Now, while there are foods beneficial for the lungs, others can be detrimental to lung oxygen exchange. It would be well to avoid free oils because they work against the lungs by lowering blood oxygen levels25 and increasing inflammation.26 What’s more, it takes more oxygen from the lungs to digest fats than to digest complex carbohydrates.27 Oils are especially hazardous to lung function when used in frying because frying increases histamines in the food.28 Histamines trigger asthma and other lung disorders. For this and other reasons cheese is also especially bad for the lungs.29 It is high fat, fermented and it has histamines. An asthma patient of 15year duration called me one day, and while I did give them many of the pointers found in this article, the one that stuck out most in their mind was the advice to abstain from fermented dairy, especially cheese. In one week, abstinence from cheese (which had been a major part of their diet) had made all the difference in the world. In fact, within one day of stopping the consumption of cheese, their symptoms had markedly improved.
For those of you who are prone to reach for the saltshaker at every meal, be aware that a high salt intake reduces tissue oxygenation and increases inflammation thus compromising lung efficiency. 30,31
Fermented foods increase lung-compromising inflammation.32 You can look at our previous articles on fermented foods. Some examples of harmful fermented foods are coffee, chocolate, soy sauce, vanilla, brown rice syrup, cheese, wine, and vinegar.33 Also, please see my handout on autoimmune disease for inflammation issues.
Tobacco, in any form, is a top lung enemy. 34,35,36,37 Smoking marijuana also poses a serious lung health risk.38
People who are more active have better pulmonary function compared to sedentary people.39 Sitting around all the time compromises your lungs. On the other hand, getting active improves your lungs.40 An upright posture is also a benefit to improved lung function.41
Walking is the best exercise. Frequent brisk walks throughout the day are more effective than one long walk.42 Helpful breathing exercises can be performed while walking. One must train themselves to breathe deeply and correctly. Shallow breathing results in toxins not being removed from the body through the lungs.43 People are more likely to breathe correctly, using their diaphragm as opposed to breathing with their shoulders while walking.44 When you speak, it is very important to use your diaphragm and not your shoulders for support of your voice. I counsel people to count their steps (paces) and breathe in time with their steps. The process goes like this: walk while counting your steps as you inhale (breathe in). For example, maybe your first breath takes four steps (strides, paces) to complete. The exercise would go like this: inhale over those four steps, hold the breath for two steps and then exhale (breathe out) slowly for the next four steps. Repeat this process a few times and then try to increase the inhalation to cover five steps, and the exhalation to cover five steps. Repeat this a few times and then try to increase the number of steps over which a breath is taken in and then blown out. This is what singers do to expand lung function so they can hold out the long notes. This is what mountaineers, training to climb Mount Everest have done to improve lung capacity, in order to reduce the need to carry oxygen to high elevations. This exercise can be done every time a person walks.45 The more beneficial times to walk are: in the morning, first thing upon rising,46,47 and after each meal.48 Better yet, for fastest results, walk every 1 to 2 hours during the waking hours. Walking in nature49 improves lung function compared to walking in city streets.50
Clothing is important. Clothing should not have any tight bands, especially around the chest51 or abdomen (bra’s, belts and waistbands). Clothing should be warm, especially of the arms and legs. If one is to exercise in cold weather, proper clothing is essential. Sufficiently protecting the arms and legs from cold helps prevent inflammation and congestion of lungs and brain thus helping prevent lung influenza.52,53,54 Cold blood returning from cold arms that are not as well clothed as is the chest (trunk) inflames the lungs. Correct breathing is breathing from the diaphragm, not the shoulders.
Being overweight has a down side. Obesity (35+ lbs/16+kg over your ideal body weight) decreases tissue oxygenation, putting extra burden on the lungs.55 Obesity is also a risk factor for obstructive apnea, a breathing disorder during sleep.56
Your lungs need good hydration. It is recommended to drink 3 quarts (liters) of water a day.57,58 One upon rising, taken warm with some fresh-squeezed lemon juice in it, one mid morning and one mid to late afternoon.
For some lung conditions and diseases, breathing water vapor off of a boiling pot (steam) can be helpful. Breathing steam this way moistens the lungs, mobilizes secretions and improves lung health59, (always take care not to burn yourself).
Sunlight provides lung benefits.60 Direct sunlight on the chest is a good practice for people; working up to a total of 20 to 30 minutes of sun exposure each day.
For lung health and total health, it is best to get 8 hours of sleep each night. It is also best to get it early in the night, starting around 9:00 pm.61,62 This improves your body’s antioxidants and recovery from the day’s activities.
Trust in divine power is a must. Pray for strength to change to a better lifestyle and claim promises such as, “seeing He giveth to all life, and breath, and all things;” Acts 17:25.
Ted, the gentleman who was sent home on oxygen by his doctors, took my advice based on the above information--he took it as his last hope of life. He walked and breathed faithfully. He ate the best foods. He spent time outdoors. In 2 months time Ted went from a man that was out of breath from walking across a room to a man walking one and a half miles a day. His diabetes and hypertension improved and his doctors began taking him off of the medications and lowering his administered oxygen. His mind, darkened by illness, became clear and he enjoyed conversations and deep study of the Bible. The last time I saw a picture of him, he was on the cover of an advertisement for a program to improve people’s health.
Lungs can definitely be improved with a natural approach using the eight natural remedies. We have seen pulmonary cripples totally recover.
“The mechanism of the human body cannot be fully understood; it presents mysteries that baffle the most intelligent. It is not as the result of a mechanism, which, once set in motion, continues its work, that the pulse beats and breath follows breath. In God we live and move and have our being. The beating heart, the throbbing pulse, every nerve and muscle in the living organism, is kept in order and activity by the power of an ever-present God.63
In summary, if you want good lung function:
- Breathe fresh, clean, outdoor air as much as you can.
- Adjust your diet to support good lung function.
- Maintain a high level of physical activity outdoors in the fresh air and sunshine.
- Do breathing exercises that will help your lungs.
References
1 White, E. G. (1905). The Ministry of Healing. Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press Publishing Association. p. 127.
2 White, E. G. (1940). Counsels on Stewardship. Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association. p. 17.
3 Strosnider H, Kennedy C, Monti M, Yip F. Rural and Urban Differences in Air Quality, 2008-2012, and Community Drinking Water Quality, 2010-2015 - United States. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2017 Jun 23;66(13):1-10.
4 Mishra AK, van Ruitenbeek AM, Loomans MGLC, Kort HSM. Window/door opening-mediated bedroom ventilation and its impact on sleep quality of healthy, young adults. Indoor Air. 2018 Mar;28(2):339-351.
5 Satish U, Mendell MJ, Shekhar K, Hotchi T, Sullivan D, Streufert S, Fisk WJ. Is CO2 an indoor pollutant? Direct effects of low-to-moderate CO2 concentrations on human decision-making performance. Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Dec;120(12):1671-7.
6 Hansel NN, Breysse PN, McCormack MC, Matsui EC, Curtin-Brosnan J, Williams DL, Moore JL, Cuhran JL, Diette GB. A longitudinal study of indoor nitrogen dioxide levels and respiratory symptoms in inner-city children with asthma. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Oct;116(10):1428-32.e
7 Lam NL, Smith KR, Gauthier A, Bates MN. Kerosene: a review of household uses and their hazards in low- and middle-income countries. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2012;15(6):396-432.
8 Skovmand A, Damiao Gouveia AC, Koponen IK, Møller P, Loft S, Roursgaard M. Lung inflammation and genotoxicity in mice lungs after pulmonary exposure to candle light combustion particles. Toxicol Lett. 2017 Jul 5;276:31-38.
9 Dales RE, Burnett R, Zwanenburg H. Adverse health effects among adults exposed to home dampness and molds. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Mar;143(3):505-9.
10 Gray MR, Thrasher JD, et al. Mixed mold mycotoxicosis: immunological changes in humans following exposure in water-damaged buildings. Arch Environ Health. 2003 Jul;58(7):410-20.
11 Pope CA 3rd, Burnett RT, Thun MJ, Calle EE, Krewski D, Ito K, Thurston GD. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA. 2002 Mar 6;287(9):1132-41.
12 Kim HH, Yang JY, Lee JY, Park JW, Kim KJ, Lim BS, Lee GW, Lee SE, Shin DC, Lim YW. House-plant placement for indoor air purification and health benefits on asthmatics. Environ Health Toxicol. 2014 Oct 8;29:e2014014.
13 Butland BK, Fehily AM, Elwood PC. Diet, lung function, and lung function decline in a cohort of 2512 middle aged men. Thorax. 2000 Feb;55(2):102-8.
14 Hamauzu Y, Yasui H, Inno T, Kume C, Omanyuda M. Phenolic profile, antioxidant property, and anti-influenza viral activity of Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid.), quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), and apple (Malus domestica Mill.) fruits. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Feb 23;53(4):928-34.
15 Palamara AT, Nencioni L, et al. Inhibition of influenza A virus replication by resveratrol. J Infect Dis. 2005 May 15;191(10):1719-29.
16 Kumar P, Sharma S, Khanna M, Raj HG. Effect of Quercetin on lipid peroxidation and changes in lung morphology in experimental influenza virus infection. Int J Exp Pathol. 2003 Jun;84(3):127-33.
17 Josling P. Preventing the common cold with a garlic supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled survey. Adv Ther. 2001 Jul-Aug;18(4):189-93.
18 Magioli, Claudia, & Mansur, Elisabeth. (2005). Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.): tissue culture, genetic transformation and use as an alternative model plant. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 19(1), 139-148.
19 Lee JH, Lim HJ, Lee CW, Son KH, Son JK, Lee SK, Kim HP. Methyl Protodioscin from the Roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis Attenuates Airway Inflammation by Inhibiting Cytokine Production. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:640846.
20 Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001 Aug;58(9):1234-45.
21 Lotz-Winter H. On the pharmacology of bromelain: an update with special regard to animal studies on dose- dependent effects. Planta Med. 1990 Jun;56(3):249-53.
22 Claudia Magioli; Elisabeth Mansur. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.): tissue culture, genetic transformation and use as an alternative model plant. Acta Bot. Bras. vol.19 no.1 São Paulo Jan./Mar. 2005
23 Kaur H, Corscadden K, Lott C, Elbatarny HS, Othman M. Bromelain has paradoxical effects on blood coagulability: a study using thromboelastography. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2016 Oct;27(7):745-752.
24 Stoodley I, Williams L, Thompson C, Scott H, Wood L. Evidence for lifestyle interventions in asthma. Breathe (Sheff). 2019 Jun;15(2):e50-e61.
25 Swank RL, Nakamura H. Oxygen availability in brain tissues after lipid meals. Am J Physiol. 1960 Jan;198:217-20. 26 Kurti SP, Rosenkranz SK, Levitt M, Cull BJ, Teeman CS, Emerson SR, Harms CA. Does moderate intensity exercise attenuate the postprandial lipemic and airway inflammatory response to a high-fat meal? Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:647952.
27 Fanelli MT, Kaplan ML. Effects of high fat and high carbohydrate diets on the body composition and oxygen consumption of ob/ob mice. J Nutr. 1978 Sep;108(9):1491-500.
28 Chung BY, Park SY, Byun YS, Son JH, Choi YW, Cho YS, Kim HO, Park CW. Effect of Different Cooking Methods on Histamine Levels in Selected Foods. Ann Dermatol. 2017 Dec;29(6):706-714.
29 Diaz M, del Rio B, Ladero V, Redruello B, Fernández M, Martin MC, Alvarez MA. Isolation and typification of histamine-producing Lactobacillus vaginalis strains from cheese. Int J Food Microbiol. 2015 Dec 23;215:117-23.
30 Yuan F, Guo ZZ, Ji WJ, Ma YQ, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Li YM. BOLD-MRI evaluation of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue oxygenation status: effect of dietary salt intake. Am J Transl Res. 2015 Mar 15;7(3):598-606.
31 ZhangWC,ZhengXJ,DuLJ,SunJY,ShenZX,ShiC,SunS,ZhangZ,ChenXQ,QinM,LiuX,TaoJ,JiaL,Fan HY, Zhou B, Yu Y, Ying H, Hui L, Liu X, Yi X, Liu X, Zhang L, Duan SZ1. High salt primes a specific activation state of macrophages, M(Na). Cell Res. 2015 Aug;25(8):893-910.
32 Yamauchi K, Ogasawara M. The Role of Histamine in the Pathophysiology of Asthma and the Clinical Efficacy of Antihistamines in Asthma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Apr 8;20(7).
33 Battcock, M, Azam-Ali, S. FERMENTED FRUTIS AND VEGETABLES A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE FAO AGRICULTURAL SERVICES BULLETIN No. 134 http://www.fao.org/3/x0560e/x0560e12.htm
34 Šaranović SĐ, Vićić J, Pešić I, Tomović M, Batinić Đ, Antić M, Tadic M, Mazić S. The Influence of Tobacco Use on Pulmonary Function in Elite Athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 20;16(19). pii: E3515.
35 Thirión-Romero I, Pérez-Padilla R, Zabert G, Barrientos-Gutiérrez I. RESPIRATORY IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES AND "LOW-RISK" TOBACCO. Rev Invest Clin. 2019;71(1):17-27.
36 Arjomandi M, Haight T, Redberg R, Gold WM. Pulmonary function abnormalities in never-smoking flight attendants exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke in the aircraft cabin. J Occup Environ Med. 2009 Jun;51(6):639-46.
37 Ramakrishnan S, Thangjam R, Roy A, Singh S, Ramakrishnan L, Seth S, Narang R, Bhargava B. Acute effects of tobacco chewing on the systemic, pulmonary and coronary circulation. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2011;11(2):109-14.
38 Tan WC, Bourbeau J, Aaron SD, Hogg JC, Maltais F, Hernandez P, Marciniuk DD, Chapman KR, To T, FitzGerald JM1, Walker BL, Road J, Zheng L, Zhou G, Yau T, Benedetti A, O'Donnell D, Sin DD. The effects of marijuana smoking on lung function in older people. Eur Respir J. 2019 Dec 19;54(6). pii: 1900826.
39 Vedala SR, Mane AB, Paul CN. Pulmonary functions in yogic and sedentary population. Int J Yoga. 2014 Jul;7(2):155-9.
40 Huang G, Osness WH. Changes in pulmonary function response to a 10-week controlled exercise program in sedentary elderly adults. Percept Mot Skills. 2005 Apr;100(2):394-402.
41 Morais N, Cruz J, Marques A. Posture and mobility of the upper body quadrant and pulmonary function in COPD: an exploratory study. Braz J Phys Ther. 2016 Jul-Aug;20(4):345-54.
42 Gloeckl R, Halle M, Kenn K. Interval versus continuous training in lung transplant candidates: a randomized trial. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2012 Sep;31(9):934-41.
43 Ratjen F, Jensen R, Klingel M, McDonald R, Moore C, Benseler N, Wilson D, Stanojevic S. Effect of changes in tidal volume on multiple breath washout outcomes. PLoS One. 2019 Jul 3;14(7):e0219309.
44 Buchholz I. Breathing, voice, and movement therapy: applications to breathing disorders. Biofeedback Self Regul. 1994 Jun;19(2):141-53.
45 Lu Y, Li P, Li N, Wang Z, Li J, Liu X, Wu W. Effects of Home-Based Breathing Exercises in Subjects With COPD. Respir Care. 2019 Nov 12. pii: respcare.07121.
46 Wirz-Justice A, Graw P, Kräuchi K, Sarrafzadeh A, English J, Arendt J, Sand L. 'Natural' light treatment of seasonal affective disorder. J Affect Disord. 1996 Apr 12;37(2-3):109-20.
47 Bachman JL, Deitrick RW, Hillman AR. Exercising in the Fasted State Reduced 24-Hour Energy Intake in Active Male Adults. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:1984198. Epub 2016 Sep 21.
48 DiPietro L, Gribok A, Stevens MS, Hamm LF, Rumpler W. Three 15-min bouts of moderate postmeal walking significantly improves 24-h glycemic control in older people at risk for impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care. 2013 Oct;36(10):3262-8.
49 Olafsdottir G, Cloke P, Schultz A, et al. Health benefits of walking in nature: A randomized controlled study under conditions of real-life stress. Environ Behav, 2018:1-27.
50 Sinharay R, Gong J, Barratt B, Ohman-Strickland P, Ernst S, Kelly FJ, Zhang JJ, Collins P, Cullinan P, Chung KF. Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to walking down a traffic-polluted road compared with walking in a traffic- free area in participants aged 60 years and older with chronic lung or heart disease and age-matched healthy controls: a randomised, crossover study. Lancet. 2018 Jan 27;391(10118):339-349.
51 MacHose M, Peper E. The effect of clothing on inhalation volume. Biofeedback Self Regul. 1991 Sep;16(3):261-5.
52 White EG. Selected Messages, Book Two. Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1958, p. 471.
53 Kim YH, Baek SS, et al. The effect of cold air application on intra-articular and skin temperatures in the knee. Yonsei Med J. 2002 Oct;43(5):621-6.
54 Daanen HA, Ducharme MB. Physiological responses of the human extremities to cold water immersion.Arctic Med Res. 1991; 50 Suppl 6:115-21
55 Kashevarov SB, Kuzin NM, Zavodnov VIa, Loshchenov VB, Korablin SN, Markov VK. Changes in the degree of oxygenation of gastric mucosa before and after the operation of creating a small stomach in patients with the extreme degree of alimentary-constitutional obesity. Khirurgiia (Mosk). 1991 Oct;(10):70-4.
56 Roche J, Isacco L, Masurier J, Pereira B, Mougin F, Chaput JP, Thivel D. Are obstructive sleep apnea and sleep improved in response to multidisciplinary weight loss interventions in youth with obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond). 2020 Jan 7. [Epub ahead of print]
57 Sawka MN, Cheuvront SN, Carter R 3rd. Human water needs. Nutr Rev. 2005 Jun;63(6 Pt 2):S30-9.
58 Kalhoff H. Mild dehydration: a risk factor of broncho-pulmonary disorders? Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Dec;57 Suppl 2:S81-7.
59 Singh M, Singhi S, Walia BN. Evaluation of steam therapy in acute lower respiratory tract infections: a pilot study. Indian Pediatr. 1990 Sep;27(9):945-51.
60 Batmaz SB, Arıkoğlu T, Tamer L, Eskandari G, Kuyucu S. Seasonal variation of asthma control, lung function tests and allergic inflammation in relation to vitamin D levels: a prospective annual study. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2018 Feb;35(1):99-105.
61 Periasamy S, Hsu DZ, Fu YH, Liu MY. Sleep deprivation-induced multi-organ injury: role of oxidative stress and inflammation. EXCLI J. 2015 May 18;14:672-83.
62 Kato K, Miyata S, Ando M, Matsuoka H, Yasuma F, Iwamoto K, Kawano N, Banno M, Ozaki N, Noda A. Influence of sleep duration on cortical oxygenation in elderly individuals. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017 Jan;71(1):44-51.
63 White, E. G. (1905). The Ministry of Healing. Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press Publishing Association. p.417.
1 White, E. G. (1905). The Ministry of Healing. Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press Publishing Association. p. 127.
2 White, E. G. (1940). Counsels on Stewardship. Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association. p. 17.
3 Strosnider H, Kennedy C, Monti M, Yip F. Rural and Urban Differences in Air Quality, 2008-2012, and Community Drinking Water Quality, 2010-2015 - United States. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2017 Jun 23;66(13):1-10.
4 Mishra AK, van Ruitenbeek AM, Loomans MGLC, Kort HSM. Window/door opening-mediated bedroom ventilation and its impact on sleep quality of healthy, young adults. Indoor Air. 2018 Mar;28(2):339-351.
5 Satish U, Mendell MJ, Shekhar K, Hotchi T, Sullivan D, Streufert S, Fisk WJ. Is CO2 an indoor pollutant? Direct effects of low-to-moderate CO2 concentrations on human decision-making performance. Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Dec;120(12):1671-7.
6 Hansel NN, Breysse PN, McCormack MC, Matsui EC, Curtin-Brosnan J, Williams DL, Moore JL, Cuhran JL, Diette GB. A longitudinal study of indoor nitrogen dioxide levels and respiratory symptoms in inner-city children with asthma. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Oct;116(10):1428-32.e
7 Lam NL, Smith KR, Gauthier A, Bates MN. Kerosene: a review of household uses and their hazards in low- and middle-income countries. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2012;15(6):396-432.
8 Skovmand A, Damiao Gouveia AC, Koponen IK, Møller P, Loft S, Roursgaard M. Lung inflammation and genotoxicity in mice lungs after pulmonary exposure to candle light combustion particles. Toxicol Lett. 2017 Jul 5;276:31-38.
9 Dales RE, Burnett R, Zwanenburg H. Adverse health effects among adults exposed to home dampness and molds. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Mar;143(3):505-9.
10 Gray MR, Thrasher JD, et al. Mixed mold mycotoxicosis: immunological changes in humans following exposure in water-damaged buildings. Arch Environ Health. 2003 Jul;58(7):410-20.
11 Pope CA 3rd, Burnett RT, Thun MJ, Calle EE, Krewski D, Ito K, Thurston GD. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA. 2002 Mar 6;287(9):1132-41.
12 Kim HH, Yang JY, Lee JY, Park JW, Kim KJ, Lim BS, Lee GW, Lee SE, Shin DC, Lim YW. House-plant placement for indoor air purification and health benefits on asthmatics. Environ Health Toxicol. 2014 Oct 8;29:e2014014.
13 Butland BK, Fehily AM, Elwood PC. Diet, lung function, and lung function decline in a cohort of 2512 middle aged men. Thorax. 2000 Feb;55(2):102-8.
14 Hamauzu Y, Yasui H, Inno T, Kume C, Omanyuda M. Phenolic profile, antioxidant property, and anti-influenza viral activity of Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid.), quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), and apple (Malus domestica Mill.) fruits. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Feb 23;53(4):928-34.
15 Palamara AT, Nencioni L, et al. Inhibition of influenza A virus replication by resveratrol. J Infect Dis. 2005 May 15;191(10):1719-29.
16 Kumar P, Sharma S, Khanna M, Raj HG. Effect of Quercetin on lipid peroxidation and changes in lung morphology in experimental influenza virus infection. Int J Exp Pathol. 2003 Jun;84(3):127-33.
17 Josling P. Preventing the common cold with a garlic supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled survey. Adv Ther. 2001 Jul-Aug;18(4):189-93.
18 Magioli, Claudia, & Mansur, Elisabeth. (2005). Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.): tissue culture, genetic transformation and use as an alternative model plant. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 19(1), 139-148.
19 Lee JH, Lim HJ, Lee CW, Son KH, Son JK, Lee SK, Kim HP. Methyl Protodioscin from the Roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis Attenuates Airway Inflammation by Inhibiting Cytokine Production. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:640846.
20 Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001 Aug;58(9):1234-45.
21 Lotz-Winter H. On the pharmacology of bromelain: an update with special regard to animal studies on dose- dependent effects. Planta Med. 1990 Jun;56(3):249-53.
22 Claudia Magioli; Elisabeth Mansur. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.): tissue culture, genetic transformation and use as an alternative model plant. Acta Bot. Bras. vol.19 no.1 São Paulo Jan./Mar. 2005
23 Kaur H, Corscadden K, Lott C, Elbatarny HS, Othman M. Bromelain has paradoxical effects on blood coagulability: a study using thromboelastography. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2016 Oct;27(7):745-752.
24 Stoodley I, Williams L, Thompson C, Scott H, Wood L. Evidence for lifestyle interventions in asthma. Breathe (Sheff). 2019 Jun;15(2):e50-e61.
25 Swank RL, Nakamura H. Oxygen availability in brain tissues after lipid meals. Am J Physiol. 1960 Jan;198:217-20. 26 Kurti SP, Rosenkranz SK, Levitt M, Cull BJ, Teeman CS, Emerson SR, Harms CA. Does moderate intensity exercise attenuate the postprandial lipemic and airway inflammatory response to a high-fat meal? Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:647952.
27 Fanelli MT, Kaplan ML. Effects of high fat and high carbohydrate diets on the body composition and oxygen consumption of ob/ob mice. J Nutr. 1978 Sep;108(9):1491-500.
28 Chung BY, Park SY, Byun YS, Son JH, Choi YW, Cho YS, Kim HO, Park CW. Effect of Different Cooking Methods on Histamine Levels in Selected Foods. Ann Dermatol. 2017 Dec;29(6):706-714.
29 Diaz M, del Rio B, Ladero V, Redruello B, Fernández M, Martin MC, Alvarez MA. Isolation and typification of histamine-producing Lactobacillus vaginalis strains from cheese. Int J Food Microbiol. 2015 Dec 23;215:117-23.
30 Yuan F, Guo ZZ, Ji WJ, Ma YQ, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Li YM. BOLD-MRI evaluation of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue oxygenation status: effect of dietary salt intake. Am J Transl Res. 2015 Mar 15;7(3):598-606.
31 ZhangWC,ZhengXJ,DuLJ,SunJY,ShenZX,ShiC,SunS,ZhangZ,ChenXQ,QinM,LiuX,TaoJ,JiaL,Fan HY, Zhou B, Yu Y, Ying H, Hui L, Liu X, Yi X, Liu X, Zhang L, Duan SZ1. High salt primes a specific activation state of macrophages, M(Na). Cell Res. 2015 Aug;25(8):893-910.
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